Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide, consisting of 28-amino acids, that belongs to the glucagon/growth hormone-releasing hormone/secretin superfamily. The peptide exerts its pleiotropic effects through three G-protein-coupled receptors: VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1.
Research suggests that the primary physiological roles of VIP include vasodilation, bronchodilation, stimulation of gastrointestinal motility, and regulation of circadian rhythms. Moreover, VIP has been recognized for its potent anti-inflammatory properties. In experimental models of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and sepsis, VIP demonstrated significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
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[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5450698/
[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15169929/
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15985713/
[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12086606/
[5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/abs/pii/S1094553901903062
[6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17343284/
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